Yearbook Telecommunications

Editorial Board — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Functional features and possibilities for the implementation of tactile Internet

Tsvetelina Simeonova, Vasil Kadrev — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

According to the ITU, tactile Internet is a network that combines ultra-low latency with extremely high availability, reliability and security. Tactile Internet provides real-time monitoring, management and control of remote infrastructure and devices that support haptic communications. The purpose of this work is to identify the functional features and capabilities for the implementation of tactile Internet. The results are related to the summary of typical use cases, based on the key parameters latency and reliability. A key point is the comparative analysis of the use cases in terms of key parameters and sectors of influence.

Requirements to the tactile Internet and approaches for implementation

Tsvetelina Simeonova — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this paper is to outline the specifics of network service parameters, as well as the basic technical requirements for the tactile Internet based on mobile networks, which are the basis for developing its system and functional architecture, components and interactions in architecture. The accepted interfaces in the tactile Internet network are given and an analysis of protocols proposed for use for tactile Internet is made. The results are related to the differentiation of the features of architecture, interfaces and protocols of the tactile Internet. Contributions from the work are the comprehensive consideration and analysis of the development of the tactile Internet, outlining some possible current directions of research, as well as existing highlights and open questions.

An algorithm for steganographic embedding of encrypted files in raster images

Yoana Ivanova — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this paper is proposing a method for the application of algorithms for hiding an encrypted file inside of a digital image for cybersecurity purposes. The originality of the method is expressed in the possibility of studying the mathematical algorithms for creating computer graphics. The development of a comprehensive algorithm should contribute to the practical realization of the method proposed. It emphasizes on built-in algorithms in software systems for creating computer graphics and the advantages of steganographic embedding by opensource products that hides any archive file in a digital image. Its application contribution is supported by practical examples of software hiding and archiving an encrypted file in a graphic image.

A methodology for empirical research and analysis in the field of cybersecurity

Yoana Ivanova — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This article is considered to be a continuation of a publication by the author devoted to an algorithm for steganographic embedding of encrypted files in raster images (Yearbook Telecommunication, №9, 2022). The aim of this paper is proposing a methodology for empirical research and analysis on the field of cybersecurity which to contribute to various areas in cybersecurity. Its originality is expressed in the joint application of methods for research and analysis realized by various simulation environments for conducting experiments. This methodology has a specific structure as it is conditionally divided into two major parts depending on the type of the simulation process and software products used – a study of the direct impact of cyberattacks on communication networks by the method of the agent-based modelling and a study of potential steganography attacks using software for simulation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for the purposes of steganalysis.

Research of femtocell technologies for mobile cellular networks

Rosen Pasarelski, Teodora Pasarelska — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of writing this article is to present and study femtocellular technologies for mobile cellular networks. With the introduction of the fourth 4G-LTE and the fifth 5G generation of mobile cellular systems, the term femto cell began to be strongly mentioned. Femto cells are very small cells that provide mobile service users with a home base station to connect to the telecommunications operator's network. The femtocell technologies are mainly looking for ever higher data rates indoors, which most often leads to the implementation of UMTS / HSPA modules in the femtocell access point, as well as LTE and 5G.

Approaches and mechanisms for increasing capacity and internal building radio coverage of mobile cellular networks

Rosen Pasarelski — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the report is to study different approaches and mechanisms for increasing the capacity and internal building radio coverage of mobile cellular networks. Various methods for indoor radio coverage are presented by comparing and analyzing the proposed solutions. On the occasion of overcoming the limitation of external microcells, other differentiated approaches are proposed for direct increase of the internal building signal. The approach consists of implementing antennas and equipment directly inside the buildings. These indoor antennas and radio engineering is defined as a distributed antenna system. With the development of mobile cellular networks of the fourth 4G and the introduction of the fifth 5G generation increasingly began to rely on a new optimal and effective approach to improving internal radio coverage and capacity in buildings and premises of end users presented as home base stations or femtocells.

The key moment in the genesis of mobile cellular systems. Control of radio links in universal mobile cellular systems

Teodora Pasarelska, Rosen Pasarelski — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The most crucial moment in the genesis of mobile cellular systems is the implementation of a universal telecommunications system, as one of its most important aspects is to integrate existing second-generation cellular standards into a single platform. Universal mobile systems are based on several different standards, one of which is WCDMA. It is compatible with the widespread GSM technology and uses a bandwidth between 5 MHz and 10 MHz, thus creating a stable platform for deploying applications using wide bandwidth. The purpose of this article is to present the main emphasis in the control of radio communications in universal mobile cellular systems. To systematize the protocols used in the layers related to radio control and to summarize their basic functions. Control processes such as radio interface measurements, handover, borrowing, reconfiguring, and releasing radio resources needed by one radio link and others are affected.

Engineering education standards

Tereza Stefanova — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Professions such as engineering, architecture, medicine and others are related to work that directly affects the life of society. The engineering profession is rapidly changing and extremely responsible, and requires rigorous assessment of the competence and commitment of engineering professionals. Therefore, various associations, organizations, authorized agencies of institutions of higher education, etc. set and maintain standards that are internationally recognized and relevant to the industry. The article examines organizations related to accreditation and quality assurance in engineering education in Europe and beyond, and highlights the most important features of the EUR-ACE system. The article shows data on engineering programs with the EUR-ACE label in some EU countries and Bulgaria. A brief description of the knowledge, competencies, skills and abilities that bachelor's and master's degree graduates should possess in their engineering field is provided.

Virtual sensor system for monitoring and detection of critical modes for the prevention of accidents in production

Nikola Milanoski, Velimir Vasilev, Georgi Petrov — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Many enterprises with new and experimental processing plants use SCADA systems to control machinary, but these systems are not always complete, this is often due to financial or purely technological constraints or ignorance of the overall process at the time of its introduction. That is why the creation of a duplicative, elastic and scalable monitoring system for monitoring the operating parameters of heavy machines and processes significantly supports the work of the staff and their handling of tasks related to the planning repair activities, delivery of spare parts, avoidance of critical work modes leading to sudden catastrophic consequences and unexpected production shutdowns.

Personal data protection in the electronic communications sectors

Alena Dobreva — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The right to protection of personal data is part of the rights protected under the European Convention on Human Rights, which guarantees the right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence and defines the conditions under which limitations of this right are allowed. The development of communications and information technology in every public sector makes it increasingly easy to access and process personal data. This requires certain guarantees for the inviolability of personal information and privacy and at the same time implies the existence of clear rules to guarantee this protection. The specificity of data processing in electronic messages requires that, along with the general rules, additional requirements be introduced in the construction of networks and the provision of services.